顺倾山体采空侧滑致灾的复合应力场研究

本文分析了地下采空情况后认为，山体采空侧动，软弱夹层为决定性条件；其变动范围、速率、规模与性质，与地下采空有关的复合应力场有关。经对观测资料分析、仿真模型试验与仿真数值模拟的对比研究，揭露了顺倾山体的“复合临空面”条件下，“复合变动”的“复合应力场”。     

大气污染与平流层气溶胶

本文简述了大气污染与气溶胶的关系，论述了平流层气溶胶对地球辐射收支的影响，从而说明平流层气溶胶的光学性质的变化将影响全球大气环境，在此基础上，计算了不同背景平流层气溶胶的光学常数和光学特性参数。并使用模式光学常数计算了３种火山模工气溶胶的光学特性参数。同时，考察了这些特性参数对光学常数的敏感性。结果表明，后向散射系数对光学常数的变化最敏感，对于某些波长，它的相对变化可比光学常数的相对变化大一个数量     

砂土与EPS颗粒混合的轻质土(LSES)临界循环应力比的试验研究

循环荷载下,砂土与EPS颗粒混合的轻质土(LSES)存在临界循环应力比Sth,将割线弹性模量衰减系数δ与循环次数的关系曲线能保持平缓的最大循环应力比定义为Sth,它是结构稳定与破坏两种状态的界限指标,根据动三轴试验结果,认为影响Sth的主要因素有围压、水泥掺量和EPS颗粒含量。一般来说,水泥掺量的增加、围压和EPS颗粒含量的减小均会提高Sth,但由于高围压下的结构重塑,水泥掺量低且EPS颗粒含量高的试样的Sth表现出一些不同的性状。     

AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF URBAN WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: A mathematical programming model is proposed to determine economically efficient urban water resource allocation and pricing policy by maximizing the sum of the consumer and producer surplus. The optimization of this nonlinear problem is accomplished by the use of linear programming algorithm. The feasibility of using recycled water for municipal purposes is examined in a planning context. The impact of higher water quality discharge standards on pricing and allocation of water is analyzed and the attractiveness of water reuse option is demonstrated.     

Thimerosal in childhood vaccines contributes to accumulating mercury toxicity in the kidney

Mercury (Hg) is a hazardous chemical that accumulates in many cells and tissues, thereby producing toxicity. The kidney is a key target organ for Hg accumulation and toxicity. The contributing factors to Hg accumulation in humans include: (1) elemental and inorganic Hg exposure, often occurring by inhalation of Hg vapors; (2) exposure to methyl Hg (meHg), for example, through contaminated seafood; and (3) exposure to ethyl mercury (etHg) via thimerosal-containing vaccines. Systematic investigations on the toxic effects of etHg/thimerosal on the nervous system were carried out, and etHg/thimerosal emerged as a possible risk factor for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. There is, however, little known about the mechanisms and molecular interactions underlying toxicity of etHg/thimerosal in the kidney, which is the focus of the current review. Susceptible populations such as infants, pregnant women, and the elderly are exposed to etHg through thimerosal-containing vaccines, and in-depth study of the potential adverse effects on the kidney is needed. In general, toxicity occurring in association with different forms of Hg is related to: intracellular thiol metabolism and oxidative stress reactions; mitochondrial function; intracellular distribution and build-up of calcium; apoptosis; expression of stress proteins; and also interaction with the cytoskeleton. Available evidence for the etHg-induced toxicity in the kidney was examined, and the main mechanisms and molecular interactions of cytotoxicity of etHg/thimerosal exposure in kidney described. Such accumulating knowledge may help to indicate molecular pathways that, if modulated, may better handle Hg-mediated toxicity.     

基于应力分析的机载电子设备可靠性加速增长试验技术研究

本文论述了基于应力分析的机载电子设备可靠性加速增长试验流程和方法,以某机载惯导产品为例说明了加速系数计算方法。这一方法对于其他机载电子产品的可靠性评估工作有一定的指导意义。     

Atrazine promotes biochemical changes and DNA damage in a Neotropical fish species

The effects of Atrazine, an herbicide used worldwide and considered as a potential contaminant in aquatic environments, were assessed on the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus acutely (24 and 48 h) exposed to 2 or 10 μg L⁻¹ of atrazine by using a set of biochemical and genetic biomarkers. The following parameters were measured in the liver: activity of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S transferase (GST), antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), content of reduced glutathione (GSH), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and occurrence of lipid peroxidation (LPO); in brain and muscle the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and DNA damage (comet assay) on erythrocytes, gills and liver cells. A general decreasing trend on the biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes was observed in the liver of P. lineatus exposed to atrazine; except for GR, all the other antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and biotransformation enzymes (EROD and GST) showed inhibited activity. Changes in muscle or brain AChE were not detected. DNA damage was observed in the different cell types of fish exposed to the herbicide, and it was probably not from oxidative origin, since no increase in ROS generation and LPO was detected in the liver. These results show that atrazine behaves as enzyme inhibitor, impairing hepatic metabolism, and produces genotoxic damage to different cell types of P. lineatus.     

关于植物中氟化物测定结果的计算

针对植物中氟化物测定时由于绘制校准曲线的标准溶液体积与分析样品的定容体积不一样而引出的结果计算时的某些问题，提出了正确的计算方法和建议。     

有限元数值模拟在巷道掘进中的应用研究

利用有限元分析进行数值模拟井下巷道分步开挖，对巷道应力、位移、应变进行了分析，改善了应力分布，有效减少了瓦斯涌出。本文利用数值模拟分步开挖并应用于实践，通过现场试验论证得出合理的分步开挖顺序改变了岩石应力集中，减少了瓦斯涌出量。